Monad

1. Gas and transaction fees

MON is the gas token for the Monad network. Users pay MON to:

• Submit transactions

• Execute smart contracts

• Interact with decentralized applications (dapps)

The base component of transaction fees is burned while optional priority fees are paid to validators. This creates inflation from block rewards and a deflationary effect from fee burns.

2. Staking and network security

Monad uses PoS where validators stake MON to participate in consensus and produce blocks. Delegators can stake MON to validators and share in rewards. Consensus is handled by MonadBFT, a HotStuff-style Byzantine Fault Tolerant protocol that targets single-slot finality.

At launch:

Block rewards start at 25 MON per block, which corresponds to roughly 2 billion MON per year, or about 2% of the initial supply

Locked allocations for the team, investors and the Category Labs treasury cannot be staked at first, so early staking power comes from unlocked circulating MON and the ecosystem development pool

The Monad Foundation plans to delegate a significant portion of the Ecosystem Development allocation to independent validators during the first year to help bootstrap decentralization.

3. Governance and protocol participation

MON functions as a governance token for the Monad ecosystem. Staked MON is expected to be used to:

• Vote on protocol and parameter changes

• Signal preferences for ecosystem funding and upgrades

• Participate through delegated governance structures supported by the Monad Foundation and ecosystem applications

These governance processes are intended to expand as the network and community grow.

4. Ecosystem incentives and development

A large share of MON is set aside for ecosystem growth:

• A sizable Ecosystem Development allocation is controlled by the Monad Foundation for grants, liquidity programs, infrastructure support and validator delegation

• Public sale and airdrop allocations place MON in the hands of community members and early users so they can transact, stake and participate in governance from launch

Projects built on Monad can also use MON as:

• Collateral or a base asset in DeFi protocols

• A fee or reward token in on-chain games and NFT markets

• An incentive for liquidity providers and early adopters

These uses depend on third-party applications rather than the base protocol.

EVM and tooling compatibility

Monad is designed to be fully EVM compatible at the bytecode level and to support Ethereum-style RPC interfaces. Developers can deploy Solidity contracts and use tools such as Foundry, Hardhat and MetaMask with only endpoint changes and minor configuration updates.

Parallel execution and performance focus

• Monad’s technical design centers on:

• Parallel execution with conflict detection

• Pipelining of transaction lifecycle stages

• Asynchronous execution decoupled from consensus

• MonadDb, a storage layer tuned for high-throughput state access

This architecture is built to support high transactions per second, short block times and fast finality while presenting a simple linear chain to applications.

From public tokenomics disclosures:

• Initial supply: 100 billion MON at public mainnet launch

• Unlocked at launch (approximate): A public portion via token sale and airdrop An Ecosystem Development allocation managed by the Monad Foundation

• Locked at launch: Investors Team * Category Labs treasury

All under multi-year lockups with at least a one-year cliff and not eligible for staking while locked

Supply changes over time through:

• Inflation from fixed per-block staking rewards (starting around 2% of the initial supply per year at launch)
• Deflation from burning the base component of gas fees

Total circulating supply depends on vesting schedules, rewards and network usage.

Monad and MON are developed and stewarded by:

• Category Labs, Inc. (formerly Monad Labs), a systems engineering and research company that designs and implements the Monad protocol

• Monad Foundation, a separate organization focused on ecosystem growth, token distribution, delegation and governance infrastructure

The three co-founders commonly associated with Monad are:

• Keone Hon – co-founder and CEO, with prior experience leading a trading team at Jump Trading and later work in its crypto division
• James Hunsaker – co-founder with a background as a technical lead on low-latency trading systems at Jump Trading
• Eunice Giarta – co-founder with experience in strategy and operations, helping guide the transition from Monad Labs to Category Labs and broader ecosystem work

Public funding records show a seed round led by Dragonfly in 2023 and later rounds that brought total funding for Monad Labs / Category Labs into the hundreds of millions of dollars at a multibillion-dollar valuation. These entities and founders are the main contributors behind MonadBFT, the parallel EVM execution engine and the MON tokenomics model.