MegaETH

MegaETH uses a sequencer-based Layer 2 architecture. A user sends a transaction through an RPC endpoint, the endpoint checks the transaction and forwards it to the sequencer. The sequencer orders and executes the transaction against the current chain state.

After execution, MegaETH groups recent transactions into mini-blocks around every 10 ms. These mini-blocks are streamed to RPC nodes in different regions, making receipts, event logs and state updates queryable shortly after execution. Periodically, the sequencer also creates an EVM block, which bundles the mini-blocks from that period into an Ethereum-format block.

For data availability, MegaETH posts block data to EigenDA. EigenDA returns a certificate showing that the data is available and the OP Stack batcher submits that certificate to Ethereum L1. Block proposals can be challenged through a dispute process. This keeps MegaETH’s fast execution path separate from its final settlement path on Ethereum.

The current design uses a single sequencer, operated by MegaLabs on behalf of the protocol. The whitepaper says the roadmap includes a move towards multiple sequencers using a rotation mechanism in which MEGA holders can take part through staking.

Mini-blocks are MegaETH’s short-interval execution units. The sequencer produces them around every 10 ms and each mini-block contains transactions, receipts and state changes. EVM blocks are produced around every second and keep the chain compatible with existing Ethereum infrastructure.

Mini-blocks are used to reduce the time between transaction execution and application feedback. On MegaETH, standard read methods such as eth_getBalance, eth_call and eth_getTransactionReceipt can query the latest mini-block when called with latest or pending, so applications do not have to wait for the next one-second EVM block.

The Realtime API exposes mini-block data through Ethereum JSON-RPC extensions. It supports use cases such as receiving a transaction receipt without polling, streaming logs over WebSocket, monitoring account state changes and subscribing to mini-blocks for indexers or explorers.

MEGA is planned to serve several roles within the MegaETH network. The whitepaper lists planned functions for gas fee payment, staking rewards, staking for sequencer rotation, protocol governance, ecosystem incentives and access for latency-sensitive builders that need proximity to the active sequencer.

Gas payments in MEGA are not described as the current default fee mechanism. The whitepaper states that users currently pay transaction fees in ETH and that the ability to pay fees in MEGA is planned as part of future upgrades.

For staking, the whitepaper describes two planned uses. First, holders may be able to stake MEGA to earn rewards once staking contracts are live. Second, staking is planned to support future sequencer selection, with MEGA holders able to take part in a decentralised rotation process.

For governance, MEGA is planned to allow participation in protocol decision-making once governance contracts and processes are launched. The whitepaper says this may include voting on upgrade proposals, parameter changes and treasury allocations. During the bootstrap phase, MegaLabs may adjust certain parameters through multi-signature transactions with on-chain transparency and time delays.

The token can also be transferred as an ERC-20 token, subject to applicable lockups, exchange rules and legal restrictions. The whitepaper states that MEGA does not provide equity, ownership in a legal entity, redemption rights against assets or revenue distribution rights.

MEGA has a total supply of 10,000,000,000 tokens. The whitepaper gives the following allocation: 500,000,000 MEGA for the Sonar public sale, equal to 5%; 250,000,000 MEGA for the Sonar bonus pool, equal to 2.5%; 500,000,000 MEGA for the Echo round, equal to 5%; 250,000,000 MEGA for the Fluffle round, equal to 2.5%; 950,000,000 MEGA for the team, equal to about 9.5%; 750,000,000 MEGA for the Foundation and ecosystem reserve, equal to about 7.5%; 1,470,000,000 MEGA for VC allocation, equal to 14.7% and 5,330,000,000 MEGA for KPI staking rewards, equal to 53.3%.

The team allocation is subject to a one-year cliff and three-year linear vesting. The whitepaper also states that Foundation, team and KPI staking reward allocations together account for tokens retained by the broader MegaETH ecosystem entities, while VC, Echo, Fluffle and Sonar bonus allocations are separate third-party investor or sale participant categories.

The whitepaper states that the initial supply is fixed at 10,000,000,000 MEGA and that there is no built-in arbitrary minting function. Future emissions for staking rewards and ecosystem incentives are described as governance-controlled mechanisms that must follow predetermined rules encoded in smart contracts.

MegaETH is developed by MegaLabs. The MiCA whitepaper identifies MegaLabs (Cayman Islands) as the development company responsible for day-to-day project operations. It also identifies MegaETH Foundation as the parent entity involved in governance and ecosystem coordination.

The MEGA token issuer named in the whitepaper is Superior Performance Limited, a BVI Business Company. The same document states that Superior Performance Limited is the applicant seeking admission to trading and that its parent company is MegaETH Foundation.

Public team sources list Yilong Li, Lei Yang and Shuyao Kong as MegaETH co-founders, with Lei Yang also listed as CTO. Lei Yang’s own website states that he is a cofounder of Mega Labs, the company building MegaETH. CryptoRank also lists Namik Muduroglu as part of the founding team.