Vitalik Buterin Calls for Full‑Stack Openness and Verifiability to Secure a Digital Future

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin published a blog post advocating for “full‑stack” openness and verifiability across software, hardware and bio systems to preserve freedom and security as the internet becomes indistinguishable from real ￰0￱ argues that open source code, verifiable hardware, and privacy‑preserving cryptography (ZK‑SNARKs, FHE, differential privacy) are essential to prevent centralization, baked‑in backdoors